<p>The Spencer County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Rockport, Spencer County, Indiana. It was designed by architect Elmer E. Dunlap and built in 1921. It is a three-story, rectangular, seven bay by five bay, Neoclassical style limestone building. The main facade features a projecting five bay central section with engaged Roman Doric ordercolumns. The interior is organized around a central rotunda topped by a shallow stained glass dome.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Delphi Courthouse Square Historic District in Delphi, Indiana is a 23 acre area roughly bounded by Monroe, Main, Market and Indiana Streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It includes Italianate architecture and Classical Revival architecture and work by Elmer Dunlap among its 31 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>William Wilson donated 100 acre along Deer Creek for the town. The Indian mill sites located along the Creek made this a valuable site. Samuel Milroy lead the effort to make Delphi the county seat in May 1828. The nearby swamps meant that malaria, as endemic and the town grew slowly.</p><br>
<p>The first permanent settler on record was Henry Robinson. With help from his family, the first log cabin was erected January 8, 1825, just south of Deer Creek on what is now known as "the hill" (later referred to as Robinsons hill). Daniel Baum and family also established their cabin on "Robinsons hill" where they started the first tavern "inn" that was frequented by settlers that passed through via the Indiana trail, which crossed Deer Creek just below their cabin.</p><br>
<p>The Wabash River, located north and west of Delphi, provided an excellent travel route for early settlers. Thus Delphi received its initial thrust under leadership when French Canadian traders from the north and settlers from Ohio and Kentucky came to this area to obtain possession of land and trade on the Wabash River. Ephraim Chamberlain purchased the first land in this township on February 17, 1824.</p><br>
<p>In 1826, the Wabash and Erie Canal opened trade to the east and southwest. The town experienced new growth. With the advent of rail transportation, the canal was put out of business with the boat in 1850, lost when the aqueduct over Deer Creek collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The railroad arrived in Delphi in 1856. The railroad systems, which passed through Delphi, were the Norfolk and Western, Monon, and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The Fort Wayne-Wabash traction interurban line passed through Delphi in 1904. The interurban end when the motorbus was introduced.</p><br>
<h2>Significant buildings</h2><br>
<p>All structures are historically contributing towards the Historic District Status, unless otherwise noted. An ‘O’ rating signifies that the structure had enough historic or architectural significance to be considered for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The ‘N’ rating signifies that the structure is above average and may, with further investigation be eligible for an individual listing. The ‘R’ or contributing rating signifies that the structure meet the basic inventory qualifications, but fails to meet individual merit, but in combination with other closely placed similar structures warrants inclusion in an historic district.</p><br>
<p>West Monroe St</p><br>
<p>100 Block - House; Carpenter/Builder, c.1885 (N)</p><br>
<p>100 Block - Old Jail Out Building; Primitive, c.1865 (R)</p><br>
<p>118 - House; Queen Anne, c. 1885 (O)</p><br>
<p>East Monroe St</p><br>
<p>216 - House; Greek Revival; c.1855 (N)</p><br>
<p>222 - House; Italianate, c.1870 (N)</p><br>
<p>West Franklin St</p><br>
<p>010 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1855 (O)</p><br>
<p>115 - Ives Building; Italianate, c.1885 (O)</p><br>
<p>East Franklin St</p><br>
<p>114 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1895 (N)</p><br>
<p>201 - RUFFIN-ROBINSON House; Queen Anne, c.1887 (O)</p><br>
<p>217 - ATKINSON-AFFLIS House; Classic, c.1895 (N)</p><br>
<p>West Main St</p><br>
<p>101 - Carroll County Courthouse NR</p><br>
<p>104 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1870 (O)</p><br>
<p>106 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1870 (O)</p><br>
<p>108 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1870 (O)</p><br>
<p>112 - Holt-Rinehart Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1857 (O)</p><br>
<p>116 - Commercial Building; Queen Anne, c.1885 (N)</p><br>
<p>202 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1875 (N)</p><br>
<p>East Mains St</p><br>
<p>100 block - Fire Station; Romanesque, c.1920 (N)</p><br>
<p>102 – Odd Fellows Commercial Building; Second Empire, 1881 (O)</p><br>
<p>106 - Commercial Building; 19th Century Functional, c.1895 (N)</p><br>
<p>107- 109 - I.O.O.F. Commercial Building; Victorian Renaissance, 1874 (O)</p><br>
<p>111 - Bradshaw Commercial Building; Italianate, c.880 (N)</p><br>
<p>n/a - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1870 (N)</p><br>
<p>112 – Dimmick Wollver Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1865 (O)</p><br>
<p>113-115 – Carl Brother&#39;s Block Commercial Building; Italianate, 1876 (O)</p><br>
<p>116 - Commercial Building; 19th Century Functional, c.1900 (N)</p><br>
<p>117 - Commercial Building; Victorian Renaissance, c.1875 (O)</p><br>
<p>123 - A.T. Bowen Bank Commercial Building; Italianate; c.1840 (O)</p><br>
<p>124 – Niewerth Commercial Building; Italianate; 1874 (O) NR</p><br>
<p>222 – Library; Neo-Classic, c.1905 (O)</p><br>
<p>302 - First Presbyterian Church; Neo-Gothic, 1909 (N)</p><br>
<p>South Washington St</p><br>
<p>101-103 - Margowski Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>105-107 – Old City Hall-Opera House NR</p><br>
<p>109 - Commercial Building; Italianate, 1864 (O)</p><br>
<p>111 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1870 (N)</p><br>
<p>120 - Gas Station Commercial Building; English Domestic, c.1920 (O)</p><br>
<p>119 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1880 (O)</p><br>
<p>210-212 – Lathrop-Kerlin Commercial Building; Queen Anne, c.1880 (O)</p><br>
<p>213 - Commercial Building; Romanesque, c.1890 (N)</p><br>
<p>215 – Masonic Temple (Delphi); Italianate, c.1875 (O)</p><br>
<p>N.A. - Courthouse; Renaissance Revival, 1917 (O)</p><br>
<p>403 - Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1876 (N)</p><br>
<p>South Indiana St</p><br>
<p>213 - First Presbyterian Church Office;Free Classic, 1895 (N)</p><br>
<p>219 – Smith-Darragh House, Greek Revival, 1840 (O)</p><br>
<p>North Indiana St</p><br>
<p>322 - House; Carpenter/Builder, c.1890 (N)</p><br>
<p>610 - House; Carpenter/Builder, 1850 (N)</p><br>
<p>712 - Gros House; Italianate, c.1860 (0)</p><br>
<p>South Union St</p><br>
<p>105 - House; Italianate, c.1875 (N)</p><br>
<p>N.A. - House; Italianate, c1830/C.1875 (N)</p><br>
<p>219 – Dougan-Davis House; Italianate, c.1865 (O)</p><br>
<p>North Market St</p><br>
<p>121 – Griffin-Mullin House; Italianate, c.1855 (N)</p><br>
<p>205 – Margowski House; Gothic Revival, 1865 (N)</p><br>
<p>02 Margowski Commercial Bldg & Old City Hall-Opera Bldg P4250249.JPGMargowski Commercial Building, Old City Hall & Opera house</p><br>
<p>02 102 E Main -IOOF Bldg P6080127.jpg102 E Main - IOOF Commercial Building (1874)</p><br>
<p>03 107-9 E Main -IOOF 1881 P6180140.jpg107 E Main – IOOF (1881)</p><br>
<p>02 City Hall n Opera House P6080128.jpgOld City Hall and Opera House</p><br>
<p>02 112 Holt-Rinehart Commercial P6030119.jpgBradshaw & Rhinehart Commercial Bldgs</p><br>
<p>02 Carnegie Library P6080121.jpgPublic Library</p><br>
<p>02 302 E Main -First Presbyterian P6080117.jpgFirst Presbyterian Church</p><br>
<p>Carrol County 1916.jpgCarroll County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>02 215 S Wash -Masonic Temple P4190105.jpgMasonic Temple</p><br>
<p>Hope Historic District is a 114 acre national historic district located at Hope, Bartholomew County, Indiana. It encompasses 205 contributing buildings, four contributing sites and two contributing objects in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Hope. It was developed between about 1840 and 1940, includes works by architect Elmer E. Dunlap and by L.W. Weisner, and notable examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, Hall and parlor, and other architecture. Notable buildings include the Moravian Church  and old parsonage , City School , Baptist Church, Methodist Episcopal Church , Alfred Sanford Rominger House , Frank Stapp House , Masonic Temple , and E.B. Spaugh Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The North Jefferson Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Huntington, Indiana. It includes works by Elmer Dunlap. The listing includes approximately seven hundred contributing properties including the separately listed David Alonzo and Elizabeth Purviance House  and adjacent Taylor-Zent House , which are Chateauesque and Victorian Romanesque in style. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>North Jefferson Street, north of the downtown commercial area, was the premier residential street in Huntington from the 1860s on; large stylish homes were built on both sides of the street.</p><br>
<p>Good examples of Italianate architecture on the street include:</p><br>
<p>Loughridge/Grayson House (1853), 708 N. Jefferson,</p><br>
<p>William McGrew House (1863), 804 N. Jefferson, and</p><br>
<p>John Roche House (1871), 939 N. Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>Jacobethan Revival architecture on the street included:</p><br>
<p>Julius Dick House (1882), 1046 N. Jefferson,</p><br>
<p>Jacob Dick House (1880), 1068 N. Jefferson, and</p><br>
<p>Wesley Hawley House (1895), 1110 N. Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>Eastlake and Queen Anne architecture appears in:</p><br>
<p>Will Ewing House (1890), 850 N. Jefferson and</p><br>
<p>Herman H. Arnold House (1883), 1140 N. Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>Notable also is:</p><br>
<p>Saint Mary&#39;s Church (1896), Victorian Romanesque, built of brick and stone masonry, Chateauesque and Victorian Romanesque in style.</p><br>
<p>The Pike County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at 801 Main St. in Petersburg, Pike County, Indiana. It was designed by architects Elmer E. Dunlap and of Jasper N. Good and built in 1922. It is a three-story, Neoclassical style, nearly square, concrete and buff brick building with slightly projecting pavilions on three sides. It measures 114 feet by 109 feet. Also on the property are five contributing objects: a GAR memorial, veterans&#39; memorial, and three metal street lamps.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Ralph Waldo Emerson Indianapolis Public School #58 is a historic school building located on N. Linwood St. in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It was built in 1907 according to a design by R.P. Daggett and Co. It is a two-story, rectangular brick building on a raised basement in a simplified Classical Revival style. Additions were made to the building in 1917, 1921 , and 1967.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Shelbyville High School is a historic school complex located at Shelbyville, Shelby County, Indiana. The high school was designed by architects William Butts Ittner and built in 1911. It is a two-story, Neoclassical style brick building on a raised basement. Attached to the high school is the similarly styled, -story junior high school designed by Elmer E. Dunlap and built in 1917. The Arts and Crafts inspired two-story, brick gymnasium was added in 1922. A shop addition was constructed in 1942, and was connected to the junior high school by a concrete block addition in 1977. The school buildings have been converted to apartments and the gymnasium is used for community recreational activities.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Saint James General Store is a general store located on the northwest corner of Moriches and Harbor Hill Roads in Saint James, New York. Established in 1857, it is a contributing property of the Saint James District, which is primarily in the vicinity of New York State Route 25A in St. James, although the store is located northwest of Route 25A.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early-1840s Ebenezer Smith, a descendant of Town of Smithtown founder Richard "Bull" Smith sought adventure on a trading expedition west of the Mississippi River Valley with both white settlers and Native Americans. Upon hearing about the California Gold Rush, Smith headed further west in an attempt to expand his fortune.</p><br>
<p>Returning to Long Island with some level of success, Smith built the General Store in 1857. Much of the community was centered around the vicinity of the store at the time. The majority of customers consisted of local farmers and sailors who depended on the general store for their goods and services. The store also served as the local post office, and in the late-19th Century was the home of the hamlet&#39;s first telephone.</p><br>
<p>When the Smithtown and Port Jefferson Railroad, an LIRR subsidiary built Saint James Railroad Station further south, there was some concern it would lead to land speculators and rampant suburban sprawl. This never took place, and instead attracted various celebrities to the community, as well as to the store. The old store ledgers have been said to contain such names as silent film actor and playwright Willie Collier, former New York City Mayor William Jay Gaynor, architect Stanford White, Frank McNish, Lionel Barrymore, Virginia Lee and Joe Flynn. Later these early stars and personalities were followed by others such as Ethel and John Barrymore, Lillian Russell, Maud Adams, Buster Keaton, Myrna Loy, Ruth Roman, Irving Berlin and Heavyweight Champion James J. Corbett. At the turn of the century, the store was inherited by Ebenezer&#39;s son Everett. Everett Smith died in 1940, and the store was taken over by his father-in-law Karl Ericson, who continued to operate it until he was 90 years old.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>Despite the suburbanization of much of Long Island, the store has remained functional. In 1959, Louise and Andrew Havrisko kept it open and prevented it from becoming a local residence, determined to maintain the historical nature of the store. Structurally unchanged since 1894, it was arranged to represent the period between 1880 and 1910, and that atmosphere has generally remained intact since. In 1973, it became one of a number of contributing properties to the Saint James Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. By 1980 it was bought by another couple named John and Eleanor Oakley, and by 1990 it was purchased by the Suffolk County Department of Parks, and dedicated to the Suffolk County Historical Trust.</p><br>
<p>Today, as it has done during the second half of the 20th century, the store has sold various late-Victorian-era artifacts. The second floor contains old books and children&#39;s toys related to Long Island history.</p><br>
<p>Cantonment Reno also known as Fort McKinney 1 was a US Army post or cantonment located on the Powder River near the old Bozeman Trail crossing. A previous fort near the site  had been abandoned and burned after the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. Cantonment Reno was re-established in late 1876, just upstream of the site of old Fort Reno. Cantonment Reno started as a temporary base of operations for General George Crooks 1876 Big Horn Expedition. Crooks Expedition was part of the intensive campaign against the Sioux and Cheyenne in late 1876, following Custer&#39;s defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the cantonment began on October 14, 1876, and work was completed on December 19, 1876. The total cost of materials (doors, windows, hardware and lumber) was $931.91. US Army troops did most of the work, but civilian employees received an additional $170.00 in wages. The structures included a storehouse, two storage cellars, barracks (19 huts), a hospital, a mess room and kitchen, nine officers huts, a shed, a corral, teamsters hut, a blacksmiths shop, and a bakery for a total of forty-two structures. A wooden bridge was built across the river in March and April 1877.</p><br>
<p>One of the cantonment&#39;s surgeons left a description of the hospital: "The hospital at this station is one log hut, 14 x 16 feet, occupied as a ward and dispensary, having a dirt floor and covered with dirt. The height of the roof from the floor inside is 9 feet on one side and 10 feet on the other, giving one foot slope to it; this room has five small windows and one door, and is heated when necessary by one stove."</p><br>
<h2>Fort McKinney 1</h2><br>
<p>On November 25, 1876, part of Crooks command, under the leadership of Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie, attacked a village of Cheyenne ("Dull Knifes village") on the nearby Red Fork of the Powder River. The army surprised and scattered the Cheyennes driving men, women and children out of their village into subzero temperatures and snow on the open prairie. The battle is known as the Dull Knife Fight or the Battle of Bates Creek. Cantonment Reno provided logistic support for the attack, and rudimentary care for the army wounded from the battle. Lieutenant John A. McKinney was one of the 25 American soldiers killed in the Dull Knife Fight.</p><br>
<p>In May 1877, elements of the Fifth Cavalry established a camp on Clear Creek, near present-day Buffalo, Wyoming. On June 16, 1877, the officer in charge of the camp named it "Camp McKinney", in honor of the officer who was killed in the Dull Knife Fight. However, since this was only a temporary camp, no one at headquarters recognized the name. However, this camp developed into Fort McKinney (Wyoming) also known as Fort McKinney 2, the fort near Buffalo.</p><br>
<p>At about the same time, the commander of Cantonment Reno asked his superiors that his Cantonment be renamed "Cantonment or Camp McKinney." This was because mail for Cantonment Reno was being mixed up with mail directed to Fort Reno (Oklahoma). On August 30, 1877, the War Department officially renamed Cantonment Reno as Fort McKinney. This duplication of names has led to endless confusion over the years between Fort McKinney 1 (Cantonment Reno) and Fort McKinney 2, Fort McKinney (Wyoming).</p><br>
<h2>Abandonment</h2><br>
<p>By 1878, Cantonment Reno was experiencing lumber, forage and water shortages. After considerable study a decision was made to relocate the post to the new Fort McKinney, 45 miles northwest, to a site on the Clear Fork of the Powder River. The new site of Fort McKinney was on benchlands just north of the Clear Fork, about two miles west of present-day Buffalo, Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>By the end of 1878, the Army had vacated Cantonment Reno/Fort McKinney 1. Only a small detail of soldiers remained to take care of the depot and repair the telegraph line. Doors, window sashes, and hardware were stripped from the cantonment to supply the new post on Clear Fork, leaving the hulls of post buildings. On December 10, 1878, Major Verling K. Hart, commander at the new Fort McKinney, recommended that a section of land at the old post be retained as a campground, so the land at Cantonment Reno remains publicly owned.</p><br>
<h2>Powder River Crossing</h2><br>
<p>On May 13, 1879, the commander of Fort McKinney allowed a "Mr. Freron" to open a store and eating house (but not a bar) in the abandoned sutler&#39;s store at Cantonment Reno. "Mr. Freron" was Moreton Frewen, an English rancher in the Powder River country. The three-man caretaker detail at the cantonment was withdrawn in late 1879, and civilians took over the telegraph operation. In January 1880, the Rock River Stage Company received permission to move one of the log stables across the Powder River. This was the beginning of the settlement known as Powder River Crossing.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The Cantonment Reno site is one square mile in size. Its boundary lines are the historic boundary lines of the McKinney Military Reservation, which coincides to some extent with Section 17, T44N, R78W. The site is located on County Road 76, five miles north of the intersection with Wyoming Highway 192, about twenty miles east of Kaycee, Wyoming. Today no structures remain of the cantonment, but shallow depressions in the ground are evidence of their former existence. Removal of structures and artifacts is a part of the history of Cantonment Reno. Scattered widely throughout the site are fragments of metal, wood and glass, reminders of what once could be found at the depot. An instance of wholesale removal of artifacts from this historic site occurred as late as 1962. The site is administered by the Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<p>The Powder River Crossing, officially known as Powder River Station-Powder River Crossing , is an abandoned settlement located on the east bank of the Powder River in southeast Johnson County about twenty-four miles east of Kaycee, Wyoming. It developed after a wooden toll bridge was built across the Powder River in 1877, at a site that was originally used as a ford. With crossing secured, a settlement developed here in the late 19th century, incorporating a stage stop on the Bozeman Trail. The site is notable for having well-preserved wagon ruts from the pioneer era.</p><br>
<h2>Cantonment Reno</h2><br>
<p>Powder River Crossing was a civilian settlement that grew up on the Bozeman Trail, across the Powder River from Cantonment Reno. Cantonment Reno was established in late 1876, three miles upstream from the site of Fort Reno, a fort that was established in 1865 and abandoned in 1868 under the terms of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.</p><br>
<p>By 1878, Cantonment Reno was experiencing a shortage of lumber, forage and water. The army decided to relocate the fort to Fort McKinney, about 45 miles northwest near the present-day site of Buffalo, Wyoming. By the end of 1878, all the soldiers were gone except for a small detail who looked after the abandoned buildings and ran the telegraph station.</p><br>
<h2>Stage Stop</h2><br>
<p>The army built a military road and telegraph line along the Bozeman Trail in 1877 and 1878. Soldiers from Cantonment Reno completed a wooden bridge at the Powder River Crossing on April 6, 1877.</p><br>
<p>In April 1979, the Patrick Brothers Stage Line began thrice weekly regular service between Fort Fetterman and Etchetah, Montana on the Bozeman Trail. Powder River Crossing was the fifth stage stop after Fort Fetterman. On May 13, 1879, the army allowed the old sutler&#39;s store and one of the cavalry stables from Cantonment Reno to be used as a store and eating house at Powder River Crossing. An English traveler stayed at the store on August 30, 1880, and left a description:</p><br>
<p>"This is a deserted Fort....The log huts, built in a large square, are still standing. Frewen&#39;s store is in one of them, and there are two or three bedrooms there, rather rough and ready, one of which I secured....I was very tired towards night, and turned in early-no sheets-only a pair of blankets to get between, but I was soon asleep notwithstanding."</p><br>
<p>In January 1880, the Rock Creek Stage Company moved another log cavalry stable from the old cantonment to a point east of the Powder River along the Dry Fork. They also built several other buildings including a new stage stop. The stage station was eventually made up of a large, long building (store, saloon, and living quarters in one) along with stables, a blacksmith shop, and numerous old dugout cabins. The amenities included fresh horses, tobacco, whiskey, and prostitutes. From 1882 to 1891, William P. Hathaway ran the store and saloon which was located directly east of the dry gulch at the end of the little patch of timber."</p><br>
<p>Amanda and Horace Brown ran the stage stop at Powder River Crossing from 1884 until 1887. Her memoirs appeared in the October 1958 issue of Colorado Magazine:</p><br>
<p>"We made good money, but I sure worked myself down. I cooked for all the way from ten to forty people, did all my washing, cleaned the rooms, and waited on people. We kept the stage people. I always had to be ready for a stage full, and sometimes it was only the drivers. There were all the different people which make up a new country traveling on the road - ranchmen, cowboys, gamblers, horse thieves, and occasionally stage robbers."</p><br>
<p>According to Brown, a small community grew up around the stage station, and the iron bridge that was built in 1883. There were never more than four families at Powder River Crossing, but the amenities includes a store, a post office, and a saloon. When the Burlington Railroad reached Clearmont, Wyoming in 1892, the stage line was no longer needed.</p><br>
<h2>Abandonment</h2><br>
<p>The post office at Powder River was established on May 22, 1879 with John Livingston as the first postmaster.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, Henry Winter ("Hard Winter") Davis, established the Spectacle Ranch near the present site of Sussex, Wyoming. The post office at Powder River Crossing moved to the Davis ranch on October 18, 1895. The road that ran down the Dry Fork was rerouted to cross the Powder River at Sussex, and it eventually became Wyoming Highway 192. In 1914, a new bridge and post office were built at Sussex (Sussex Post Office and Store), and this spelled the end of Powder River Crossing.</p><br>
<h2>Present Status</h2><br>
<p>The area at Powder River Crossing was never homesteaded, and it is owned by the Wyoming Office of State Lands and Investments, an agency of the State of Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>There is a wide dispersal of wagon ruts from the Bozeman Trail near the mouth of the Dry Fork tributary. Near the ruts, marked by a grove of cottonwood trees, is the former location of the Powder River Station and the eating establishment run by Horace Brown.</p><br>
<p>The Hallett Flats–Rawson & Co. Apartment Building at 1301–1307 Locust St. in Des Moines, Iowa is a pair of abutting buildings. The Hallett Flats building, at 1305–1307 Locust St., is a three-story building designed by architect George E. Hallett and was built in 1904. It has also been known as Hallett Apartments. The Rawson & Co. Apartment Building, a four-story building designed by Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson, was built in 1915 in such a way that the two would function as one building. It has also been known as Arlington Apartments. The combination was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The listing included two contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed architecturally significant "as a fine example of a multiple-function complex, designed during the early Twentieth Century by two of Des Moines&#39; most prominent architectural firms."</p><br>
<p>The Marsh–Place Building at 627 Sycamore St. in Waterloo, Iowa is a six-story building built in 1910. According to its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, it is notable as "a distinctive, virtually unaltered example of the Commercial Style". And it is an "excellent" example of "the three-part base-shaft-capital approach  to tall building design."</p><br>
<p>It is a work of architects Hallett & Rawson. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Julius Scheibe Cottage at 815 College Ave. in Des Moines, Iowa, United States, was built in 1898. It was a work of architect George E. Hallett. It and the adjacent house  split a corner land parcel and both faced south, while all other houses in the area faced the east or west ends of their parcels. The "parcelization of corner lots" this way increased density and the value of their real estate.</p><br>
<p>Elements of American Movements architecture (American Craftsman architecture)in the house&#39;s design include its side-gabled roof, its inset front porch, and also its "symmetrically conceived facade; the facade dormer window with its inset configuration, deck, and bulkheads; the pent roof embellishing the side gables; and the multi-pane windows in the dormer." Houses with similar styling dot the neighborhood, including at the N.S. Wales House at 1814 West 9th Street, also designed by Hallett, and at 1460 5th Avenue. This and other Hallett ones include interior amenities such as fireplaces that are not often found in residences this small.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The James Morrow House is a historic farmhouse in Newark, Delaware. It was built in the late 1860s by James Morrow, an Irish immigrant who owned a store in Wilmington. The building is locally significant for its unusual architecture, which features both a gambrel roof and a raised basement. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The house has one and a half stories on top of a partially above-ground basement. The facade is symmetrical, with two bays on either side of a flat-roofed porch. The exterior walls are stuccoed with green trim and large sash windows. The house has an asphalt-shingled gambrel roof with bracketed cornices and three gable dormer windows on each side. The house is built from stone and weighs just under 500 tons.</p><br>
<p>The Morrow House originally stood along with a number of outbuildings on a 24-acre parcel of farmland. In 2008, after being empty for a number of years, the house was cut off at the foundation and moved some 300 ft to the west in order to clear the site for new development. The owners of the building as of 2023 have since renovated the structure and opened it as coworking space.</p><br>
<p>The Defiance Public Library is a historic Carnegie library located in Defiance, Ohio. It was built in 1904 with funds from Andrew Carnegie and was designed by architects Wing & Mahurin. The Tudor Revival-style building includes stained glass, a red sandstone façade, and picture windows overlooking the junction the Maumee and Auglaize Rivers and of the Defiance Fort Grounds. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The notion of a library like service was first devised by a formation of twenty-five men in 1867, determined to better the intellectual prosperity of the residents in Defiance, Ohio. While these men worked towards furthering the education of the city, official library services were not performed until the 1870s. In the year 1873, these men established what was known as the Defiance Library Association (DLA), which would begin the first ever official library services for the city of Defiance. This association would spend the next few decades providing an assortment of library services, for a summable fee, despite not possessing any sort of solid location for their collection. From this point forward, library services would be provided in a number of various local buildings and businesses for the next thirty years. With a distinct lack of security for the library’s collection, the members of the DLA wrote to the Carnegie Foundation in order to procure the funds to establish a permanent location. In 1904, the DLA was gifted the sum of $22,000 towards the building of the public library’s first permanent residence on the Fort Defiance grounds. Building began immediately and would finish, open for public use on July 4, 1905.</p><br>
<p>The Duffy site is a substantial archaeological site along the Wabash River in the southeastern part of the USA state of Illinois. Located near the village of New Haven in Gallatin County, a group of similar sites on the Illinois side of the Wabash near its confluence with the Ohio River. Duffy is distinctive largely because of its pottery: the site&#39;s inhabitants typically produced ceramics of various thicknesses and comparatively few decorative elements, tempered with grog. What decorations exist are typically limited to one or two rows of simple lines or bars that have been incised or stamped on the side of the piece of pottery. Projectile points found at the site are small triangular "Mounds Stemless" points, and the inhabitants produced celts of a vaguely rectangular shape. The site is believed to have been inhabited circa AD 1000.</p><br>
<p>Duffy is clearly related to sites of the Yankeetown Complex, which is named for the Yankeetown site on the Ohio River east of Evansville, Indiana. Like Duffy, although differences between Duffy and Yankeetown pottery are substantial enough to rule out a close connection between the two peoples. and as Yankeetown appears to show the beginnings of an indigenous form of the Mississippian culture, Duffy bears some evidence of Mississippian influence. Other Illinois sites potentially related to the Duffy Complex include Carrier Mills in Saline County, which shows some Duffy influence, and Gallatin County&#39;s Illinois Salines, which has yielded pottery more closely resembling that of Duffy than that of Yankeetown. The latter site appears to have been under Duffy control as the region was transitioning from terminal Late Woodland to Mississippian.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the Duffy site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its archaeological importance; it is one of seven Gallatin County locations on the Register, as is the Great Salt Spring.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen and Mary Bunnell House was at 970 S. 800 West, on the Utah Valley University campus, Orem, Utah was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, and was delisted in 2023.</p><br>
<p>It was the farmhouse of a 60 acre farm with an orchard; it is now within the college campus.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 it was torn down to make way for a new building on campus, with plans to rebuild a smaller replica. The replica, also on campus, had been finished by 2015. Before it was torn down, Paul Cheney and the university&#39;s Digital Media Department created a virtual tour of the building. See http://virtual.uvu.edu/2012_bunnellHouse/.</p><br>
<p>The Caffrey and Davis Furniture Company-Senior Hotel at 296 S. Main St. in Springville, Utah was built in 1900. It has also been known as Caffrey and Davis Furniture Company and as Robinson Bros. Music Co. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The building was first a furniture and music store, then a billiard parlor during approximately 1920 to 1928, and then a hotel into the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The Camp Williams Hostess House/Officers&#39; Club is a historic building located on Camp W. G. Williams in Bluffdale .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was built as the camp military officers&#39; club in 1935. Its historic significance is largely as a Public Works Administration project; WPA works during the depression were widespread in Utah and this is a good example.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the NRHP April 1, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Carter–Terry–Call House is a historic residence in Orem, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is located at 815 East 800 South and is believed to have been built in 1899.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP nomination, the house reflects the evolution of Orem during 1899 to 1941. The person of greatest significance associated with the house is Otis Terry, Jr., who was a religious leader and a civic leader. He was the "second Bishop of the Timpanogos Ward (parish) which then embodied almost the entire Provo Bench. The size and style of the house exemplify the importance of the bishop....".</p><br>
<p>The house is believed to have been built by Richard Carter, who owned the property for about 10 years. It was then a home of Otis Terry, Jr., for his third wife. Terry actually had served part of a nine-month prison sentence during 1889-1890 for polygamy, relating to his having been married to two previous wives; but his first wife died in 1899 and it is believed that the second had left him, leaving him with 13 children to raise, before he married the third in 1900, and moved to Orem and purchased this house in 1901. Terry became bishop in 1903. The house was bought by Orvis J. Call in 1917.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP June 11, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Grass Lawn, also known as the Milner House, was a two-story Antebellum home located in Gulfport, Harrison County, Mississippi. In 1972, the home was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2005, the home was destroyed during Hurricane Katrina. A replica of Grass Lawn, Grasslawn II, was built and was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2010. The new structure was dedicated in 2012 for use in city events, weddings, receptions, and parties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Grass Lawn was constructed in 1836 as a summer home for Dr. Hiram A. Roberts, a Port Gibson surgeon and owner of sugarcane plantations in Louisiana. The house was located in Gulfport, Mississippi on 235 acres (95.1 hectares) overlooking the Mississippi Sound. Grass Lawn was unique in that it was of wood-pegged construction with timbers of hand-hewn longleaf pine and walls of bald cypress. Heart-pine lumber was used as flooring, and fireplace mantels were composed of either black or white marble. The 2-story home had 10-foot-wide (3-meter-wide) porches supported by box columns.</p><br>
<p>Through the years, the property was subdivided, and in 1905, John Kennedy Milner purchased the home. Milner later became owner of the Coast Coca-Cola Bottling Company in Gulfport.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, because of its political, historical, and architectural significance, Grass Lawn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1973, the Milner Family sold the home to the City of Gulfport. During the next 32 years, the house was used by the city as a community center for both private and public gatherings.</p><br>
<p>On August 29, 2005, Grass Lawn was destroyed during Hurricane Katrina. In the aftermath of the hurricane, government officials committed to construct a period-style replica of Grass Lawn to serve as a visible reminder of historic buildings on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The completed structure was dedicated on July 20, 2012, to be used for city functions, and rented out for weddings, receptions, and other events.</p><br>
<p>The Roundtop Filling Station, in Sherwood, Arkansas, United States, is one of only two structures in Sherwood to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the other being Sylvan Hills Country Club Golf Course.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Roundtop Filling Station was built in 1936 by the Justin Matthews Company for the Pierce Oil Company. Pierce Oil was one of the "baby Standards" formed after the USA Governments breakup of John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil Company in 1911. Pierce operated gasoline stations in Arkansas, southern Missouri, western Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mexico.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, Pierce Oil contracted the Justin Matthews Company to construct a uniquely shaped gasoline station along USA Highway 67. It is believed the structure was designed by Matthews&#39; company architect, Frank Carmean, and was built by brothers C.C. and Powderley Eubanks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wallace David "Happy" Williford, a senior at Jacksonville High School in Jacksonville, Arkansas, and employee at another Pierce-owned station in Jacksonville, was asked by the company to come operate the new service station. Williford agreed and worked at the station before and after attending school. Williford paid men to operate the station for him during school hours, but says it was hard finding men who would only work for $3.50 a week. For rent, Pierce charged Williford two cents per gallon of gas sold. At first, the station had no electric gas pumps, and Williford and his employees had to hand pump the gas up into the glass bowl before filling each car&#39;s tank.</p><br>
<p>Around 1940, the Roundtop became a Sinclair station, after Pierce Oil was purchased by the Sinclair Oil Company. Around this time, electric pumps were installed Some time in the early 1950s, Sinclair sold many of their Arkansas stations, including the Roundtop, to the Phillips Petroleum Company, and the station became a Phillips 66 branded station. In the 1970s, the station would become a DX branded station, and at the time it closed in 1981, it was a Sunoco branded station due to Sun Oil Company&#39;s acquisition of DX.</p><br>
<p>By 1957, Williford had saved up enough money to purchase the station for $8,000. With business booming, Willford would open up another gas station at the foot of the Broadway Bridge in North Little Rock (Pulaski County), near the site of present-day Dickey-Stephens Park. Williford later closed that station and opened another at 914 East Broadway in North Little Rock. During this time, Williford leased the Roundtop to others. He returned to the Roundtop in the mid-1970s and operated it exclusively until he retired and closed the business in 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, Wayne Ball, a local auctioneer, coincidentally, a former station employee from his youth, conducted the auction of the Roundtop on behalf of Williford. The winning bidder was George E. Brown, a North Little Rock businessman. Brown planned to renovate the then dilapidated building; however before this could happen, Brown died, and, in 1999, his heirs donated the station to the City of Sherwood, which had annexed the area in 1975.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Roundtop was featured in "The Last Ride," a film about Hank Williams, Sr., directed by Arkansas native Harry Thomasson. The scenes filmed at Roundtop include, several of the Williams character, his young chauffeur, Silas, and his love interest.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>For years, the gas station-turned-landmark sat abandoned, and, over time, was the victim of vandalism and theft. In the mid-2000s, Linda Nickle, Sherwood&#39;s former Economic Development Director, advocated for the restoration of the station and ultimately caused it to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>In January, 2013, Sherwood Mayor Virginia Hillman, appointed Joey Marks, an employee of the Department of Arkansas Heritage and lifelong resident of Sherwood, to chair the first Sherwood History and Heritage Committee. Brown began working to obtain grant money to aid in the restoration of the Roundtop. On June 5, 2013, the City of Sherwood was notified by the Office of Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe that Sherwood had received a $50,000 historic preservation grant for the Roundtop project from the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program of the Department of Arkansas Heritage.</p><br>
<p>The committee is considering a restoration of the gas station to its original condition and converting it into a Sherwood Police substation.</p><br>
<h2>Fire</h2><br>
<p>On November 2, 2014, a fire damaged the building&#39;s exterior, just days before it was set to reopen to the public. The Sherwood police reported is an arson attempt.</p><br>
<p>Lovell Manufacturing Company, also known as Lovell Place, is an historic factory complex and national historic district which is located at Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>It includes nine contributing buildings. The buildings and their additions were built between 1883 and 1946. They are characterized as simple brick industrial buildings with shallow gable and parapet roofs, and housed a manufacturer of bed springs, mouse and rat traps, wringers, and dryers. Included in the complex were a foundry and machine shop and a sports gear outlet. A cricket ball that was "Indian made" but branded "Lovell PA EERIE" on the reverse is preserved in a private collection in Australia. It likely would have been sold in a retail outlet in the complex.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The North East Historic District is a national historic district that is located in North East, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses 114 contributing buildings that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of North East, and includes commercial, residential, institutional, and religious structures. The buildings were built from the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries and were designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Italianate. Located at the center of the district is Gibson Park. Notable non-residential buildings include commercial buildings along East and West Main Street and South Lake Street, the Concord Hotel, the Crescent Hose Company, the Baptist Church, the Presbyterian Church, the Methodist Church, two main buildings of St. Mary&#39;s Seminary, the McCord Memorial Library (1916), and the Heard Memorial School.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>West 21st Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania. It includes 35 contributing middle and upper class residential buildings built between 1857 and 1939. They are in a variety of popular architectural styles including Queen Anne, Italianate, and Colonial Revival. Many of the buildings have been converted to multi-family use.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The West Sixth Street Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses one hundred contributing buildings that were built between 1821 and 1930, with most built after 1883. They are primarily high-style residences that were erected along "Millionaires Row." Designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Eclectic Victorian, Second Empire, and Tudor Revival, notable non-residential buildings include the Erie County Courthouse. Also located in the district but separately listed are the Charles Manning Reed Mansion, the John Hill House and the Watson-Curtze Mansion.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>West Park Place is a national historic district that is located in Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses twelve contributing commercial buildings that were built between 1857 and 1865. They are characterized as three-story brick buildings that were erected over full basements. Designed in the Italianate style, they reflect Erie&#39;s mid-nineteenth-century central business district. The district includes the Bindernecht Block, the Purcell Hardware Store and the "Marble Front" building. A number of the buildings were designed and built by John Hill, who also built the John Hill House that is located in the West Sixth Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Union City Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Union City, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses ninety-six contributing buildings and one contributing structure that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Union City. The district includes commercial, residential, and industrial buildings that were built between 1865 and 1925 and designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Late Victorian and Colonial Revival. The commercial buildings are mostly brick two- and three-story buildings.</p><br>
<p>Notable buildings include the Hansen Building (1888), the Clement Lodge Building (1890), the I.O.O.F. Building (1889), the Union City Chair Company building (1907, 1911), the Mulkie House (c. 1905), the Westcott House (c. 1900), and the First Baptist Church (1923).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Waterford Borough Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Waterford, Erie County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses forty-one contributing buildings that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Waterford. The district includes commercial and residential buildings that were built between 1820 and 1939. They were created in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Federal, and Italianate. This district includes the town square. Notable buildings are St. Peters Episcopal Church (1832), the Presbyterian Church (c. 1850), the Amos Judson House, and Judsons Store (1820). This district also includes the separately listed Eagle Hotel (1826).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Edward Saeger House is a historic home located at Saegertown, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1845, and is a large, two-story squarish clapboard clad frame dwelling on a stone foundation in the Greek Revival style. The front facade features a pedimented gable with a distinctive lunette window and second story verandah. An addition was built about 1866.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Amos Kelly House is a historic home located at Cambridge Springs, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1873 and 1876 and is large two-story rectangular frame dwelling in the Italianate style. It measures approximately 95 feet by 60 feet. The front facade features a large front porch, overhanging eaves, and a square cupola.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Amos Kelly House May 2010.jpgAmos Kelly House closeup, May 2010</p><br>
<p>Roueche House is an historic home located at Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1899, and is a 2½-story, irregular frame dwelling in the Queen Anne style. It is clad in brick, clapboard, fishscale shingles, and pebble-dash panels. Its facade features a large curved brick chimney, multi-gabled and hipped roofs, balconies and round projecting porch, and a three-story hexagonal tower.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Judge Henry Shippen House, also known as the Red Cross Building, is a historic home located at Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1838 and remodeled and expanded in 1875. It is a -story, brick dwelling with a mansard roof in the Second Empire style. It is three bays by six bays, and was originally in the Federal style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Titusville City Hall is a city hall that is located in Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is in the Titusville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1865 as a private dwelling and later operated as a hotel. It is a -story, frame building in the Greek Revival style. The front facade features a portico with four Ionic order columns supporting a pediment and entablature. Two wings were added between 1865 and 1872, at which time it became the city hall.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is in the Titusville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Delbert and Ora Chipman House on E. Main St. in American Fork, Utah was built c.1870s but was extensively renovated and enlarged during approximately 1930–1934. The renovation and expansion added Tudor Revival or English Cottage architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The listing included two contributing buildings: the house and a c.1920s sheep barn which has a clerestory roof.</p><br>
<p>Dr. J. R. Mosier Office is a historic medical office located at Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1890, and is a small, clapboard clad frame building. It features a false front in front of a gable roof. The interior consists of three rooms furnished as they were in 1938; a waiting room, examination room, and pharmacy. The building was moved to the Baldwin-Reynolds House property in 1975 from its original location in the village of Littles Corners about 7 miles northwest of Meadville. The office is maintained as a medical museum by the Crawford County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>T. R. Pugh Memorial Park  is a re-creation of an 1880s era water-powered grist mill located in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It was used in the opening scenes of the movie classic Gone With The Wind. In 2010, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The park was built in 1933 by Justin Matthews and named in honor of Thomas R. Pugh, of Portland, Arkansas, who was a close friend and benefactor of Matthews. The architect for the park and the mill was Frank Carmean with artist Dionicio Rodriguez serving as sculptor of the concrete work to simulate wooden, iron, and steel structures.</p><br>
<p>In the present day, the Old Mill serves as the backdrop for weddings and portrait photography.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the roof was set on fire, but no permanent damage resulted.</p><br>
<p>Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House on E. 300 N. in American Fork, Utah was built in 1897. It has also been known as the James E. & Eliza C. Peters House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The listing included two contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>It includes Tudor Revival, Late Victorian, and English Cottage architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Delbert and Ora Chipman House, also in American Fork, is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Ruter Hall is an historic, American building that is located on the campus of Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1853, this historic structure is a three-story, rectangular, brick building that was designed in the Greek Revival style, measures fifty feet by ninety feet, and has a low gabled roof and pediment. It was the second building built on the Allegheny College campus, after Bentley Hall, and was named for Rev. Martin Ruter, the first Methodist president of the college from 1834 to 1837. It currently houses the college&#39;s Modern and Classical Languages and International Studies departments.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Bentley Hall is a historic building located on the campus of Allegheny College at Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1820 and 1835, and is a vernacular brick and stone building with a Federal style center building and Greek Revival style wings. The central section measures three stories and 60 feet wide and the two-story wings are 30 feet wide each. It is topped by a distinctive cupola. It was the first building built on the Allegheny College campus, and the only building until Ruter Hall was built in 1853. It is named for Rev. William Bentley, an early benefactor.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge in West Mead Township was a historic metal truss bridge spanning French Creek at West Mead Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1888, and was a single span, Pratt through truss bridge measuring 158 ft. It was built by the Penn Bridge Company of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. It has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Bridge in Oil Creek Township, also known as Holiday Bridge, was a historic metal truss bridge spanning Oil Creek at Oil Creek Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1896, and was a single span, Pratt through truss bridge measuring 124 ft. It was built by the Massillon Bridge Company of Massillon, Ohio. It has been removed from its site.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Cambridge Springs Bridge was a historic metal truss bridge spanning French Creek at Cambridge Springs, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1896, and was a single span, Baltimore truss bridge measuring 200 ft. It was built by the Youngstown Bridge Company of Youngstown, Ohio. It was demolished about 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum is a historic archaeological site located in Richmond Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. The tannery was built in 1825 by famed abolitionist John Brown , who lived on the site from 1825 to 1835. The tannery was about 0.25 miles from the new Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal.</p><br>
<p>The tannery was a major stop on the Underground Railway; Brown helped some 2,500 slaves during this period. The site includes the ruins of the tannery, a one-story, rectangular structure measuring 55by22 feet. There was a hidden, well-ventilated room in the barn for the fugitive slaves.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, in "a wonderful state of preservation", it was converted into a cheese factory, and in 1884 it was turned into a steam grist-mill. "The structure is a relic of great historic interest, and is visited by thousands of curiosity and relic seekers, The windows and doors have all been chipped away. The Brown family have visited their old home several times within the past few years."</p><br>
<p>A fire destroyed the building in 1907. On John Brown&#39;s birthday, May 9, the site hosts a community celebration, "Spirit of Freedom".</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The graves of Brown&#39;s first wife Dianthe, their four-year-old son Frederick (another son was named Frederick later), and an unnamed newborn son are nearby.</p><br>
<p>Hickory Ground, also known as Otciapofa  It is known as Oce Vpofa in the Muscogee language; the name derives from oche-ub,"hickory" and po-fau, "among". It is best known for serving as the last capital of the National Council of the Creek Nation, prior to the tribe being moved to the Indian Territory in the 1830s.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological site</h2><br>
<p>The 33-acre archaeological site, (1EE89), is outside Wetumpka on the lower Coosa River, north of where it joins the Tallapoosa River. It is a former village with a ceremonial ground, burial grounds, and refuse sites.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hickory Ground, or Otciapofa, was established by Muscogee Creeks (which at the time included those who would later form as the Poarch Band of Creek Indians) from Little Tulsa, located on the Coosa River. The site was documented during historic times by William Bartram in the 1770s and Benjamin Hawkins in 1799. The town was home to several thousand Muscogee, including Billy Weatherford who is an ancestor of Poarch Band members, and served as the last capital of the National Council of the Creek Nation from 1802 until 1814. During the Creek War, the inhabitants who were not fighting in the war were confined at nearby Fort Jackson. After the end of the war, they were allowed to resettle the site and remained there until 1832, when they were forcibly removed to the Indian Territory.</p><br>
<p>The site was rediscovered in 1968 by archaeologist David Chase of Auburn University. The rediscovery was not made public until much later, when plans to build apartments on the site were announced. Through the efforts of the Alabama Historical Commission and the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, the site was acquired in early 1980 through matching funds of $165,000 from the United States Department of the Interior and tax break incentives for the previous owner. Excavations in 1988 and 1991 found evidence of occupation at the site during five distinct cultural periods, ranging from the Early Archaic (8000–6000 B.C.) to the historic Muscogee occupation.</p><br>
<p>The members of Otciapofa tribal town, which included ancestors of current Poarch Creeks, formed part of the Muscogee Creek Confederacy in Alabama, prior to their forced removal to Indian Territory during the 1830s. After resettling in Indian Territory, the members of Hickory Ground established another town of that name near Henryetta, Oklahoma. Chitto Harjo belonged to new Hickory Ground, where the Crazy Snake Uprising of 1901 was launched.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>In August 1980, the property was granted to the Poarch Band. Following the expiration of the easement, the Poarch built a Native American bingo hall at the site from 2001 to 2002, which required the excavation of the bingo hall site and exhumation of Muscogee graves found there. and roughly 50 Poarch members, who wrote letters to the Alabama Historical Commission.</p><br>
<p>The July 2012 announcement of a $246 million expansion to create a 20-story hotel and casino at the site caused further outcry from the Muscogee Creek Nation and the threat of legal action. The dispute over the development of Hickory Ground is part of a wider disagreement between the Poarch Band and the Oklahoma Muscogee about cultural identity, tradition, and authenticity.</p><br>
<p>The Montgomery Advertisers article of August 21, 2012, stated: Robert McGhee, a member of the Poarch Band tribal council gave no indication that the group planned to halt construction and disagreed with Tigers charge that the group lacked respect for cultural values. "We have taken great care to honor history and preserve the past while ensuring the future for our tribe," he responded by email to the Advertiser. "It is unfortunate that neither the issue nor our response to it was portrayed accurately, but we understand that these centuries-old wounds are deep and the hurt that resulted from tribes being forcibly removed from the Southeast still remains."</p><br>
<p>On October 12, 2012, the Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes, including the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole Nations, unanimously adopted a resolution supporting efforts to halt the desecration of Hickory Ground.</p><br>
<p>On December 12, 2012, the Muscogee Creek Nation and the Hickory Ground Tribal Town filed a federal lawsuit in the USA District Court for the Middle District of Alabama to stop the casino development. The lawsuit alleges that the excavation of Muscogee Creek human remains and funerary objects from Hickory Ground violated the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and other federal laws.</p><br>
<p>On May 14, 2015, Poarch Creek Chief Legal Officer Lori Stinson testified before the Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs and responded to misleading allegations on the issue of Hickory Ground. Stinson commented that the decisions to develop Hickory Ground for tribal economic endeavors were prompted by other legal and political problems regarding the sovereignty of American Indian nations. The Poarch Band had no land in trust besides the lands at Hickory Ground. Stinson also notes that the Poarch Band purchased the lands in 1980 to avoid them being sold to a "big box retailer," further mentioning that before the Tribe purchased the lands, "the property had been flooded by the Coosa River and farmed for more than a century, and decades of commercial development surrounded the tract," including a housing subdivision, a Winn-Dixie, multiple restaurants, Alabama State Roads, Elmore County buildings, and various businesses. Stinson emphasized that tribes have to build an economy to exercise sovereignty, and responded that the Tribe will continue "to preserve our tribal history and culture while undertaking projects that assure the financial stability of our tribal government and economic security for our people."</p><br>
<p>The multi-story hotel is now open on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Meadville Downtown Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district is centered on Diamond Park and includes eighty-one contributing buildings and eighteen contributing sites that are located in the central business district of Meadville. It includes a mix of commercial, industrial, and governmental/institutional buildings that were built roughly between 1800 and 1940, and were designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, and Victorian. Notable buildings include the Crawford County Courthouse, Ralston Block (1880-1890), Kronenfeld Building, Market House (1870), Crawford County Trust Building (1920), USA Post Office (1907), Masonic Building, Keystone View Company, and Academy of Music.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Titusville Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district encompasses 472 contributing buildings that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Titusville, Pennsylvania including a mix of residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings with the majority built after the Drake Well was established in 1859. They were designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>Notable buildings include the William Barnsdell House (c. 1855), the First National Bank, R.D. Fletcher&#39;s Store, the Universalist Church (1865), The Corinthian Hall, Chase and Stewart Block, the Kernochan and Company Building (c. 1900), the Penn Movie Theater (1939), Pennsylvania Bank & Trust Co., the Swedish Congregationalist Church, and the Emerson House. Also located in the district but separately listed is the Titusville City Hall.</p><br>
<p>This district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Richmond Downtown Historic District is an area of primarily commercial buildings and national historic district located at Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana. The district encompasses 47 contributing buildings located along the National Road. It developed between about 1868 and 1960 and includes representative examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, Queen Anne, Classical Revival, and Chicago School style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Murray Theater. Other notable buildings include the I.O.O.F. Building , Hittle Building , Tivoli Theater , Romey&#39;s Building , George H. Knollenberg Building , Kresge Building , Dickinson Building , former USA Post Office , and YMCA .</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The West Second Street–Swartz Creek Bridge in Flint, Michigan, carries West Second Street over Swartz Creek. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The West Second Street Bridge was engineered in 1919 by the Flint City Engineers Office under a royalty agreement with Daniel B. Luten, where the bridge utilized Lutens patented arch design. The Illinois Bridge Company of Chicago, a licensee for Luten, provided design assistance. The city solicited bids to construct the bridge, and awarded the construction contract to Price Brothers Construction Company of Lansing, Michigan, which underbid the Illinois Bridge Company. Work started on the bridge in the summer of 1919, and was completed in early 1920. It has continued to carry vehicular traffic since.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The West Second Street Bridge is a 70-foot Luten arch bridge. The roadway is asphalt, flanked by cantilevered concrete sidewalks. The bridge is heavily skewed across the creek. Massive concrete abutments support the elliptical filled arch. It has a corbeled arch ring, and cast concrete balusters lining the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Second Street–Gun River Bridge was a bridge over the Gun River in Martin Township, Michigan, USA. It was demolished in 2012. The bridge was significant as a rare example of a bridge with a plaque stating that it had been built as a result of Michigan&#39;s Covert Act. It was also one of the few remaining examples of a camelback highway bridge in Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1926 as part of the Covert Act, which required the state, upon request of the appropriate locality, to construct all trunk-line roads. The Allegan County Road Commission hired the Yost Brothers of Decatur, Indiana, to construct the bridge. The bridge is believed to have been based on a standard Michigan State Highway Department plan for a curved-chord concrete girder bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Second Street–Gun River Bridge consisted of a single concrete through-girder span, 48 feet in length. The substructure contained concrete abutments with both T-shaped and flared. The bridge&#39;s concrete girders had curved tops with six cast window-like recesses. The deck was 29.3 feet wide, with a 22 feet wide roadway covered with blacktop. The corner posts had squared caps and bases, with four curved concrete brackets at the corner of each girder.</p><br>
